A Review: Soil Management, Sustainable Strategies and Approaches to Improve the Quality of Modern Viticulture

Conservative and sustainable soil management in vineyards is an approach of primary importance not only for the yield (tons per hectare) grapes’ quality (primary secondary metabolites), but also greater preservation ecosystem. Compared to sustained-conventional tillage perpetual applications fertilizers phytopharmaceutical, these techniques give a role safeguarding biodiversity, conserving fertility, keeping vegetative–productive balance. The and, consequently, wine production are fact intimate ecosystem jeopardized by reckless man (technical input, such as pesticides, fuel, fertilizers, herbicides, estimated be responsible 24% anthropogenic greenhouse gases emissions), climate change, rising summer temperatures reduced precipitation leads declines water shortages soil. In fact, there several risks associated with unbalanced management, compaction, pollution, erosion, organic matter (SOM) depletion, loss that lead drop grape quantity. this context, viticulture strategies assume significance improve modern viticulture. This review aims highlight new agronomic capable enhancing resilience system contributing conservation services provision, especially consumers increasingly appreciate environmentally friendly farming practices. particular, focus positive implications repercussions result practices (e.g., compost, vermicompost, biochar, Ascophyllum nodosum, Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), Trichoderma, zeolite, partial root drying, cover cropping, mulching).